Types of Architectural Styles – Georgia Tech – Software Development Process
So what does it mean to know architectural styles? There are many many, many architectural styles. So we cannot cover them all here. What I want to do instead is, I want to mention a few of those. And then I want to go in more depth, on one of them. So the first item I want to mention is pipes and filters. And pipes and filters indicate an architectural style in which a chain of processing elements, which can be processes, threads, or co-routines, is arranged so that the output of each element is the input of the next one and usually with some buffering in between consecutive elements.
A typical example of this, if you’re familiar with Unix is Unix pipes, which you can use to concatenate Unix commands. Another style I want to mention is the event-driven one. An event-driven system typically consists of event emitters, like the alarm over here, and event consumers, like the fire truck, down here, and consumers are notified when events of interest occur and have the responsibility of reacting to those events. A typical example will be a GUI, in which widgets generate events and listeners listen to those events and react to them. For example, they react to the push of a button.
A very commonly used architectural style is Publish-subscribe, represented by the paper boy. Over here. And this is an architectural style in which senders of messages, they’re called publishers, do not send messages directly to specific receivers. Instead, they publish messages with one or more associated texts without knowledge of who will receive such messages. Similarly, subscribers will express interest in one or more tags. And will only receive messages of interest according to such tags.
A typical example of a publish-subscribe system will be Twitter. And I’m pretty sure that most of you are familiar with the client-server architecture. Computers in a network, assume one of two roles? The server provides the resources and functionality. And the client initiates contact with the server and requests the use of those resources and functionality. Also in this case, a typical example would be emailed, in which an email server provides email storage and management capabilities, and an email client will use those capabilities. You may also be familiar with peer-to-peer, or P2P, systems. A P2P system is a type of decentralized and distributed network system in which individual nodes in the network, which are called peers, act as independent agents that are both suppliers and consumers of resources.
This is in contrast to the centralized client-server model, where client nodes interact with the central authority. And I’m not going to say anything more about peer-to-peer, because I’m going to show you two examples, of peer-to-peer systems in the rest of the lesson. And you probably have at least heard of rest. Which in this case is not an invitation to relax as the graphic might indicate. But rather stands for Representational State Transfer. REST is a hybrid architectural style for distributed hypermedia systems, that is derived from several other network-based architectural styles. And that is characterized by a uniform connector interface, and even if I’m not going to say anything else about the rest, I wanted to mention it, because it is an extremely well-known architectural style. And the reason for this is that REST is very widely used because it is the architectural style that governs the world wide web.
So we use it all the time when we browse the internet, for instance.
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