Anxiety Disorder (series 6), specific phobia

Hello, welcome to Mind Matters with Dr. Ogochukwu
Ojiaku. In the last series of anxiety disorders, we
discussed Social Anxiety, its presentation, diagnostic criteria, clinical management,
and comorbidities If you have not watched the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and the 5th series
already, please endeavor to do so, in other to better understand our final series on anxiety
disorders. Today, we will be discussing Specific Phobias
formerly known as Simple Phobia Specific phobia is a lasting unreasonable
fear caused by the thought or presence of an object
situation or concept that causes little or no real danger.

The fear is observed adults recognize
that the fear is excessive and unreasonable. In insight to the unreasonable nature of the
fear increases with age. Risk Factors of specific phobia are,
• Past exposure to a traumatic event: Such as having been bitten by a dog, or having
observed another being bitten by a dog. • Excessive transmission of information:
Such as constant warning from parents about the danger of a specific object or event. • Genetic loading: This means having a family
history or a family member that has a specific phobia. Assessment involves collecting history to
assess the following • The content of phobias, which varies with
age, culture, and ethnicity • Assessment is also done to see if there’s
significant functional impairment such as full avoidance of school related to fear of
encountering spiders. This is assessed because of the diagnosis
of significant functional impairment. • also assessment is done to see whether
exposure to the feared object or situation immediately provokes clinically significant
anxiety. The anxiety is related to the degree to which
the feared object of the situation is physically close to the individual or the degree to which
escape from the situation or object is possible.

This type of anxiety manifests in children
as crying, freezing, tantrums, or excessive clinging behavior. • Also assessment is done to see if the
individual engages in avoidant behavior to prevent reaction to the object or situation
or if the person endures the object or situation with dread. There are five subtypes of specific phobias,
1. Situational phobia, 2. nature and environment, 3. blood injection injury type, 4.

The animal type and others. So, I would like to make it clear here that
someone can experience more than one subtype at a time, also, having fear of
a particular event or object in a subclass predisposes an individual to other objects
or situations in the same subclass (Take for instance, if someone has fear of rats that
increases their fear of spiders). I would like to briefly explain these types
of phobia 1. The first one which is also the first and
most common type of specific phobia in adults is Situational phobia which is the kind of
lasting phobia caused by certain situations; such as driving, flying being enclosed in
a space as tunnels or bridges. 2. The 2nd one and the 2nd most common type of
adult phobia is the natural environment, which is the kind of fear caused by things in the
natural environment, such as thunder, storm, lightning, water, or heights
• Second most common adult form 3. The third one, which is also the third most
common type of phobia is the blood-injury injection type.

This is caused by fear of seeing blood, fear
of injury, fear of injection, or undergoing other medical procedures. The final one is others which are caused by
a range of other stimuli such as fear of vomiting or fear of contracting a specific illness. Physical Exam Findings in specific phobia
are the same as the findings in other types of anxiety. Mental Status Exam Findings are
• Consistent with anxieties as well • However, thought content consistent specific
to phobia Comorbidities include Avoidance Behavior that
is seen in PTSD or Post-traumatic stress disorder, OCD or Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, separation
anxiety disorder, and other Psychotic disorders. Clinical Management of specific phobia follows
the general management of anxiety disorders which involves: Medication and Non-medication
treatment. So medication treatment involves selecting
medication from the class of anti-depressants called SSRIs or Selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors such as Prozac and Zoloft.

Medications from the class called TCA’s
or Tricyclic antidepressants such as Amitriptyline can also be used in the treatment of specific
anxiety benzodiazepines such as Xanax and Ativan can be used for short time treatment
of anxiety also. Non-medication treatment involves the use
of CBT or cognitive behavioral therapy, the use of biofeedback, or the type of therapy
that is called desensitization So, this is our final series on anxiety
disorders, we have gone through all the types of anxieties including panic disorders,
social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and finally specific phobia so,
if you have not watched any of those series already please endeavor to do so the videos
are on our website Mind Matters with Dr.

Ogochukwu Ojiaku, so, please feel free to utilize those
resources as needed of course we’ll be moving on to another topic maybe depression I don’t
know yet, but hey if there’s any topic you are interested in us addressing or treating
please send us questions we’ll consider the topic as we forge ahead to other
things in the future. Our email address is located in the description
so, please feel free to send us your general questions. We’ll randomly select questions to be addressed
in our future videos.

So, like, comment, subscribe, and share this
video with your friends and your families. Thank you for watching. I am Dr. Ogochukwu Ojiaku. Thank you.

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